Who Invented the Escalator

An escalator is a moving staircase with steps that carry people up or down using a conveyor belt and tracks, keeping each step horizontal for the passengers. The escalator began, however, as a form of amusement rather than a practical mode of transportation. The first patent related to an escalator-like machine was granted in 1859 to a Massachusetts man for a steam-driven unit.  On  March 15, 1892, Jesse Reno patented his moving stairs, or inclined elevator, as he called it.  In 1895, Reno created a novelty ride at Coney Island in New York, New York, from his patented design: a moving stairway that elevated passengers on a conveyor belt at a 25-degree angle. Modern Escalators The escalator as we know it was redesigned in 1897 by Charles Seeberger. He created the name escalator from scala, the Latin word for steps, and elevator, a word for something that had already been invented. Seeberger partnered  with the Otis Elevator Co. to produce the first commercial escalator in 1899 at the Otis factory in Yonkers, New York. A year later, the Seeberger-Otis wooden escalator won first prize at the 1900  Paris Exposition, a worlds fair held in  Paris, France. Meanwhile, the success of Renos Coney Island ride briefly made him the top escalator designer. He started the Reno Electric Stairways and Conveyors Co. in 1902. Seeberger sold his escalator patent rights in 1910 to Otis Elevator, which bought Renos patent a year later. Otis went on to dominate escalator production by combining and improving the various designs. According to the company: In the 1920s, Otis engineers, led by David Lindquist, combined and improved the Jesse Reno and Charles Seeberger escalator designs and created the cleated, level steps of the modern escalator in use today. Although Otis continued to dominated the escalator business, the company lost the products trademark in 1950 when the U.S. Patent Office ruled that escalator had become a common term for moving stairways. The word lost its proprietary status and its capital e. Going Global Escalators are employed around the world today to move  pedestrian  traffic in places where  elevators  would be impractical. They are used in department stores,  shopping malls,  airports,  transit systems,  convention centers, hotels,  arenas,  stadiums, train stations, subways, and public buildings. Escalators are able to move large numbers of people and can be placed in the same physical space as a staircase, guiding people toward main exits, special exhibits, or simply the floor above or below. And you dont usually have to wait for an escalator, as opposed to an elevator. Escalator Safety Safety is a major concern in escalator design. Clothing can get tangled in the machinery, and children wearing certain types of shoes risk foot injuries.   Fire protection of an escalator may be provided by adding automatic fire detection and suppression systems inside the dust collection and engineer pit. This is in addition to any water sprinkler system installed in the ceiling. Escalator Myths Here are common myths about elevators, provided by Sterling Elevator Consultants: Myth: The steps could flatten out and cause people to slide down.Truth: Each step is a triangular structure consisting of a tread and riser supported on a track. They cant flatten out.Myth: Escalators move too fast.Truth: Escalators move at half of normal walking speed, which is 90 to 120 feet per minute.Myth: Escalators can reach out and grab you.Truth: No part of an escalator can do this, but people must be careful with loose clothing, untied shoelaces, high heels, long hair, jewelry, and other items.Myth: An escalator standing still is as good as a set of stairs.Truth: Escalator steps arent the same height as stairs, and using them as if they were increases the risk of falling or tripping. Sources Escalator Safety Tips, Myths Truths. Sterling Elevator Consultants.

Effective Thinking Becoming A Critical Thinker - 880 Words

Effective Thinking: Becoming a Critical Thinker Students in today’s academic world are simply lazy. Who has time to sit down and critically analyze what is needed to be studied when there are better things to do? In Freire’s The Banking Concept of Education, he delineates the concept of how students today are considered banking concept thinkers rather than where they should be, which is problem posing thinking. Ultimately, Freire’s argument helps recognize how to transform oneself into becoming a critical thinker. Both the banking concept student and the problem posing student have completely distinctive factors about them. The banking concept student in term is emphasizes that students are passive absorbers of information and that the purpose of learning is memorization of facts. This reinforces a lack of critical thinking and knowledge ownership in students, which in turn reinforces oppression. One possible alternative is the Problem-posing education model, in which students are encouraged to think and tackle problems presented to them on their own. Problem-posing education solves the student-teacher contradiction by recognizing that knowledge is not deposited from one to another, but is instead formulated through dialogue between the two. As illustrated in Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, his image of the average student is categorized into two parts: the banking concept student, and the problem posing student. Freire believes that most students are part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Six Stages Of Critical Thinking947 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing the six stages of critical thinking presented by Paul and Elder. We will be exploring each stage to gain a better understanding of how each stage works towards becoming a better critical thinker. We will commence self observation of ourselves and see what stage we consider ourselves to be currently at. 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Overview Of Green Accounting Accounting Essay Example For Students

Overview Of Green Accounting Accounting Essay This semester, I was assigned a term undertaking and I have selected the 2nd inquiry to be answered which is Should direction comptrollers be involved in the chase of green accounting . It is of my involvement since presents, organisations specifically fabricating industries have initiative to care and take into consideration on the environmental conditions. Nevertheless, some of them included that consideration as their corporate societal duty. Human being is the 1 who should hold been accountable to take attention of the environment and to handle them every bit best as possible. Therefore, I managed to fix this term undertaking by spliting it into two parts which are foremost, the overview of green accounting and the 2nd portion is more towards replying the inquiry which is concentrating on the functions of direction comptroller in the chase of green accounting. Outline1 1.0 Part 1: An overview of green accounting2 1.1 Introduction3 1.2 What is green accounting?4 1.3 Literature Review5 1.3 Issues lending to the demand for Green Accounting6 2.0 Part 2: Answer to the Question7 2.1 Role of Management Accountant8 Invention of cost accounting cognition to cut down the waste9 Plan, form and implement10 Integration of direction and accounting11 Wastage accounting and coverage12 2.2 What would be the impacts on direction comptroller every bit good as the industries?13 3.0 Decision 1.0 Part 1: An overview of green accounting 1.1 Introduction Most people peculiarly academicians in the field of accounting have talked about the green accounting. It is because, every bit far as the environment is concern we could see that there are many issues to be taken into consideration by the comptrollers such as air, H2O and noise pollutions, green house gases, planetary heating and etc. The major subscriber of these environmental defects is by and large human being. In fact, undeniably we can see and hear from the mass media about the negative effects on the environment as a consequence of organisation and finally organisational misbehavior. Now, I would wish to discourse the interconnectednesss between accounting, accountant and environment. 1.2 What is green accounting? Nowadays we are traveling towards green environment by which we preserve the environment from being the victims of human hoggishness. As a consequence, accounting has come out with the term green accounting which means that comptroller being the medium to remedy and prevent the negative impact on the environment. The issue of environmental debasement has triggered organisation to be more eco-friendly peculiarly in increasing the attending and consciousness to be more environmentally responsible. It is agreed with Jeffers, A.E. ( 2008 ) who defined green accounting as a manner to cut down environmental pollution as companies will be forced to place the costs related to environmental duty. There are some catch phrases that normally being used apart from green accounting which are traveling green , eco-friendly and environmentally friendly . The plant of an comptroller in pull offing the cost related to environment is today known as environment direction accounting ( EMA ) . 1.3 Literature Review Related to this subject, there are several past surveies on the issues in green accounting every bit good as EMA. Recently there has been a treatment made by Lansiluto and Jarvenpaa ( 2010 ) stated by Farouk S. et Al. ( 2012 ) related to green accounting by which the writers have investigated the importance of greening the balanced scorecards ( p.39 ) . It means that the green measuring should be included in the balance scorecard as to guarantee that the organisation is non performed financially but besides environmentally good. It is to be considered or assessed by the organisation before they can ship on certain undertaking that may foul the environment. In fact, this is a good thought to integrate green accounting in the normal balanced scorecard. CHILD ABUSE EssayInvention of cost accounting cognition to cut down the waste Harmonizing to Prof. Maliah s talk on the EMA, we could see that late there is no more footings of recycle and reuse of things every bit far as the Material Flow Cost Accounting ( MFCA ) is concern. MFCA is a tool that was formalised in ISO 14 051 in 2011 and has been successfully implemented in Japan for the stamping activities. It is interesting to cognize the impact on the stamping activity whereby the waste resulted from the stamping activities has been calculated in footings of pecuniary every bit good as the physical unit. Knowing that the wastes can be reduced, the maker was able to redesign the stamping metal bit to repair the form into more accurate size which farther reduces the waste in billion hankerings. That is where direction comptroller can help in waste minimisation. Plan, form and implement Under normal circumstance, the planning, forming and implementing activities were done by all maps in the company which inadvertence by the top direction. Here, every bit far as the green accounting is concern, direction comptroller should come out with thought to continue the environment from being polluted by sing this affair at early phase of be aftering with the hope that it will cut down the cost of fouling the natural resources. For case, usually in wood fabrication they will cut down the trees and it will take to the planetary heating. Not merely that, the wild animate being will lose their home ground and the O produced by the trees will go lesser and lesser. Knowing the impacts of human hoggishness in maximising the wealth, this should trip direction comptroller to come out with possible action in planning every bit good as forming and implementing activities with the consideration of these natural costs. Integration of direction and accounting Management accounting should work together with the direction to come out with the thought of integrating the green accounting in the balanced scorecard as suggested by anterior research workers as quoted by Farouk S. et Al. ( 2012 ) above. Possibly, every bit far as my apprehension to what the writers thought is concern, I perceived the balanced scorecard could be every bit presented in Appendix A. In the normal fortunes, the balanced scorecard is inclusive of four elements which are fiscal, client, internal and learning and growing but anyway the direction should include the extra component which is environmental duty so that they can mensurate their success non merely in footings of fiscal but besides their duty towards the nature. Wastage accounting and coverage Apart from wastage accounting, direction comptroller besides plays a function in the environmental coverage 2.2 What would be the impacts on direction comptroller every bit good as the industries? 3.0 Decision

The effects of growing up with a personal computer free essay sample

During the past five decades the computer has been rapidly advanced. From the first generation to the personal computer, it’s incredible that the speed of computer’s swelling is so fast . It makes people startle. Early computer were of great size, now state-of-the-art personal computers are on the small side and it would be a fantastic experience. Recent years the personal computer’s commercials are more and more wonderful, different kinds of shapes are cool or cute in order to attract young people and increase their market shares. The personal computer is a rip-off before, but now it is cheaper than before, because we can cut taxes under the WTO framework and many computer shops are on sale, besides, we can pay with a credit card, so many people can afford it. Most college students have their personal computers now. It’s spectacular that most students use their personal computer in the library. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of growing up with a personal computer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the growing up of a personal computer has two sides. On one hand, the personal computer is useful for students to make full use of the Internet to study the knowledge. And I love the Twilight Saga episodes, I enjoy the theme song, the plots, the settings and everything, so when I was very tired on my study, I can watch the movies quickly with my personal computer no matter where I stayed. When I was at high school, I always pay much my monthly allowance to the Internet bar to search some information. So I’m always in a jam and hard up in that time. I need a bundle of money to pay for it. Therefore have a personal computer is necessary. On the other hand, the personal computer sometimes makes us bug. Firstly, it makes the student crazy about surfing the Internet when we have a PC. Secondly, the personal computer may cause a coward. The people pay more time on online chatting and tuck themselves in their cavities that unnerve them to keep touch with others in real world. Occasionally it would cause a suicide. Meanwhile the personal computer is easy to take up, so sometimes have burglary accidents in school, the society should crack down this behavior. In my opinions, every coin has two sides, but they are not contradictory. We should use the personal computer in right way to make our life more beautiful and contribute to societal well-being. The Tense Relationship between the Doctor and the Patient Just imagine the doctor and the patient in the inward, both with a cold expres The effects of growing up with a personal computer free essay sample Many of todays kids are engaged in sedentary pursuits made possible by a level of technology unthinkable as recently as 25 to 30 years ago. Computer, video, and other virtual games, the ready availability of feature films and games on DVD, plus high-tech advancements in music-listening technology have come down into the range of affordability for parents and even for the kids themselves. These passive pursuits have produced a downside of reduced physical activity for the kids, often with the explicit or implicit consent of the parents. . . . Other fairly recent developments have also contributed to the alarming rise in child obesity rates. Fast food outlets offering consumables that are both low in price and low in nutritional content have exploded all over the American landscape since the 1960s, especially in suburban areas close to major highway interchanges. Kids on their lunch breaks or after school often congregate in these fast food outlets, consuming food and soft drinks that are high in sugar, carbohydrates, and fat. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of growing up with a personal computer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many parents, themselves, frequently take their children to these fast food places, thus setting an example the kids can find justification to emulate. (MacKie Shilstone, Mackie Shilstones Body Plan for Kids. Basic Health Publications, 2009) Cause and Effect in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal is a brilliant example of the use of non-argumentative devices of rhetorical persuasion. The whole essay, of course, rests broadly upon the argument of cause and effect: these causes have produced this situation in Ireland, and this proposal will result in these effects in Ireland. But Swift, within the general framework of this argument, does not employ specific argumentative forms in this essay. The projector chooses rather to assert his reasons and then to amass them by way of proof. (Charles A. Beaumont, Swifts Classical Rhetoric. Univ. of Georgia Press, 1961) Effects of Automobiles I worry about the private automobile. It is a dirty, noisy, wasteful, and lonely means of travel. It pollutes the air, ruins the safety and sociability of the street, and exercises upon the individual a discipline which takes away far more freedom than it gives him. It causes an enormous amount of land to be unnecessarily abstracted from nature and from plant life and to become devoid of any natural function. It explodes cities, grievously impairs the whole institution of neighborliness, fragmentizes and destroys communities. It has already spelled the end of our cities as real cultural and social communities, and has made impossible the construction of any others in their place. Together with the airplane, it has crowded out other, more civilized and more convenient means of transport, leaving older people, infirm people, poor people and children in a worse situation than they were a hundred years ago. (George F. Kennan, Democracy and the Student Left, 1968) Examples and Effects of Entropy Because of its unnerving irreversibility, entropy has been called the arrow of time. We all understand this instinctively. Childrens rooms, left on their own, tend to get messy, not neat. Wood rots, metal rusts, people wrinkle and flowers wither. Even mountains wear down; even the nuclei of atoms decay. In the city we see entropy in the rundown subways and worn-out sidewalks and torn-down buildings, in the increasing disorder of our lives. We know, without asking, what is old. If we were suddenly to see the paint jump back on an old building, we would know that something was wrong. If we saw an egg unscramble itself and jump back into its shell, we would laugh in the same way we laugh as a movie run backward.

Racism During the Depression free essay sample

Racism during the Depression Describe how racism seems to have been a factor in how people fared during the Depression. Racism has had an effect in almost every episode in American history, including today. However, during the depression of the 1930’s there was no question of racism, not only that it existed, but also it was openly practice. Blacks and other minorities were struggling in their effort to compete for jobs and social programs that were in place to help the people who were having a tough time finding work and putting food on the table for their families. There were times when violence erupted against blacks to the extent that they (blacks) lost any hope of any social and economic gains. Whites were so against blacks getting jobs because they thought Blacks should not be on the same level as Whites. By being denied equal opportunities to be able to get jobs and to be able to receive help from social programs, blacks begin to fight back in order to achieve some form of dignity. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism During the Depression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blacks suffered considerable more when whites begin to take jobs that were traditionally held for blacks only. The type of jobs whites considered beneath their dignity became a commodity to them. In my opinion, racism is still as great a factor in people’s economic success today. Although, the American economy has grown steadily since the days of the depression but Blacks in America are still struggling and lagging well behind their whites counterparts. The growth in the number of Blacks achieving educational success, gaining job status in such areas of school professors, doctors, lawyers, key military position, CEOs, and a host of other promising positions that has brought about a significant change in the economic status of Blacks in America. In spite of all accomplishments, racism is still lurking in one of the covert ways than one can imagine. It is almost like yes, my Black brother and sister, you have made progress, but I will not allow you to be achieving the same social and economic status as me. Look at what is going on with the President of the United States of America, who happens to be a Black American. President Obama and his wife, Michelle, are working very hard to bring American back to the forefront of being the most powerful and respected government in the world. Yet, the White regime is doing everything possible to ensure when they leave office that their legacy will not compare to a President Bill Clinton or a George W. Bush. The handwriting is on the wall from the White GOP Congress; I will not allow the opportunity of a successful presidency for four years and do not even think about another four-year term. How can one be successful when being fought every step of the way? In conclusion, if I knew why I would be doing everything possible to change the hearts and minds of those who falls in the category of defaming Blacks in America? I truly believe that one day Doctor Martin Luther King’s dream will come true, but now we are still playing on an un-level playing field of justice. Sources: Text Book, page 192-198

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools

Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools What is corporal punishment? The National Association of School Nurses defines it as â€Å"the intentional infliction of physical pain as a method of changing behavior. It may include methods such as hitting, slapping, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, use of various objects (paddles, belts, sticks, or others), or painful body postures. Still Legal in 22  States While corporal punishment such as paddling, spanking and hitting students disappeared from private schools by the 1960s, according to an article published by NPR in December 2016,  it is still permitted in public schools in 22  states, which can be broken down into 7 states that simply dont prohibit it and 15 states that expressly permit it. The following seven states still have laws on their books that do not prohibit corporal punishment: IdahoColoradoSouth DakotaKansasIndianaNew HampshireMaine The following 15 states expressly permit corporal punishment in schools: AlabamaArizonaArkansas  FloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMississippiMissouriNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasWyoming What is ironic about this situation is that no accredited teachers college in the U.S. advocates the use of corporal punishment. If they dont teach the use of corporal punishment in the classroom, why is the use of it still legal? The United States is the only nation in the western world which still permits corporal punishment in its schools. Canada banned corporal punishment in 2004. No European country permits corporal punishment. So far, the United States Congress has not acted on requests from organizations such as Human Rights Watch and the American Civil Liberties Union to enact federal legislation banning corporal punishment. Since education is widely viewed as a local and state matter, any further banning of corporal punishment will probably have to occur at that level. If, on the other hand, the federal government were to withhold funding from states where corporal punishment is legal, the local authorities might be more inclined to pass the appropriate laws. Rationale for Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in one form or another has been around schools for centuries. It certainly is not a new issue. In the Roman Family children learned by imitation and corporal punishment. Religion also plays a role in the history of disciplining children by spanking or hitting them. Many people interpret Proverbs 13:24 literally when it states: Spare the rod and spoil the child. Why Should Corporal Punishment Be Banned? Research has shown that corporal punishment in the classroom is not an effective practice, and can cause more harm than good. Research has also shown that more students of color and students with disabilities experience instances of corporal punishment more than their peers. The research shows that children who are beaten and abused are more likely to be prone to depression, low self-esteem and suicide. The simple fact that corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure is not part of any education curriculum indicates that educators at every level know that it has no place in the classroom. Discipline can and should be taught be example and non-physical consequences. Most leading professional associations oppose corporal punishment in all its forms.  Corporal punishment is not allowed in the military, mental institutions or prisons, either. I learned years ago about corporal punishment from a man who was an expert in the field. I co-founded a high school in Nassau, Bahamas in 1994. As deputy director of the school, one of the first issues I had to deal with was discipline. Dr. Elliston Rahming, the owner and director of the school, was a criminologist. He had very firm views about the subject: there would be no corporal punishment of any kind. We had to find better, more effective ways than beating to enforce discipline. In the Bahamas, beating children was, and still, is an accepted disciplinary method in the home and in the school. Our solution was to develop a Code of Discipline which basically penalized unacceptable behavior according to the severity of the infraction. Everything from dress code to drugs, weapons and sexual infractions was covered. Remediation and resolution, retraining and reprogramming were the goals. Yes, we did get to the point on two or three occasions where we actually did suspend and expel st udents. The biggest problem we faced was breaking the cycle of abuse. What Happens in Americas Private Schools? Most private schools frown on the use of corporal punishment. Most schools have found more enlightened and effective methods for dealing with disciplinary issues. Honor codes and clearly spelled out results for infractions combined with contract law give private schools an edge in dealing with discipline. Basically, if you do something seriously wrong, you will get suspended or expelled from school. You will have no recourse because you have no legal rights other than those in the contract which you signed with the school. Things Parents Can Do What can you do? Write the state education departments of the states which still permit corporal punishment. Let them know that you oppose its use. Write your legislators and urge them to make corporal punishment illegal. Blog about local incidents of corporal punishment whenever appropriate. Organizations Opposed to Corporal Punishment in Schools The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse. The American School Counselor Association: ASCA seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used. The National Association of Secondary School Principals believes that the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished and that principals should utilize alternative forms of discipline. The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives (NCSCPA) tracks information about this subject and puts out updates. It also offers an interesting reading list and other materials. Interview With Jordan Riak Jordan Riak is the Executive Director of Project NoSpank, an organization which is dedicated to the eradication of corporal punishment in our schools. In this article, he responds to some of our questions regarding corporal punishment. How Prevalent is Corporal Punishment in Schools? With the exception of those who are directly affected, most people are unaware that in more than 20  states, teachers and school administrators have the legal right to physically batter pupils. Children are sent home with bruised buttocks daily in untold numbers. There is a downward trend in the number of paddlings annually, which is encouraging, but still a small comfort to victims. Editors note: outdated data has been removed, but recent studies have shown that more than 100,000 students were physically punished in 2013-2014.  But the true numbers are surely higher than the records show. Since the data is supplied voluntarily, and since those reporting arent especially proud of what they are admitting to, under-reporting is inevitable. Some schools decline to participate in the Office for Civil Rights survey. When I inform people of the extensive use of corporal punishment in the schools, they almost invariably react with astonishment. Those who remember the paddle from their own school days tend to assume (erroneously) that its use had long since faded into history. Those who are fortunate enough to have attended schools where corporal punishment wasnt used or who lived in the states where bans were in effect are incredulous when presented with information about its current use. The following anecdote is illustrative. I was invited to address a class of students at San Francisco State University who were preparing to become school counselors. Some in the group already had teaching experience. At the conclusion of my presentation, one of the students- a teacher- opined that surely I was misinformed about the situation in California. Corporal punishment just isnt allowed here and hasnt been for years, she flatly insisted. I knew otherwise. I asked her where she had attended school and in w hich districts she had worked. As I expected, the places she named all had district-wide policies against the use of corporal punishment. She was unaware that in neighboring communities students were being paddled legally. Paddlers dont advertise, and one cant blame her for not knowing. The use of corporal punishment by public school teachers in California became illegal on January 1, 1987. In the United States, there is a long-standing gentlemans agreement between government, the media, and the educational establishment to avoid any mention of teacher violence. Typical of such taboos, adherents not only refrain from entering forbidden territory but come to believe that no such territory exists. An indignant correspondent wrote me the following: In my twenty years as a teacher in Texas, I never saw one student paddled. Strictly speaking, he might have been telling the truth about what he hadnt seen, but its hard to believe he was unaware of what was going on all around him. Recently I heard this on the radio. An author who had written about sports heroes influence as role models on youth was just concluding an interview and was beginning to field listeners calls. One caller recounted his experience at high school where a coach routinely beat up players. He told how one student who had been victimized by the coach later encountered him in public and punched him. The show s host abruptly cut off the call, and said laughingly, Well, there you have the darker side. Sounds like a movie by____ and hastened to the next caller. Rest assured, the United States does not have a monopoly on denial in this regard. At a conference on child abuse in Sydney in 1978, when I raised a question from the floor about why none of the presenters had talked about caning in schools, the moderator replied, It seems the things you want to talk about, Mr. Riak, are not the things we want to talk about. At that same conference, where I had set up a table to distribute anti-corporal punishment literature, a member of the New South Wales education department told me this: The corporal punishment controversy that youve been stirring up here is causing more broken friendships in the department than any other issue I can remember. Caning is no longer legal in Australian schools, and hopefully, old friendships have mended. How Do You Define Corporal Punishment? There never has been, and probably never will be, a definition of corporal punishment that doesnt stir debate. The American College Dictionary, 1953 Edition, defines corporal punishment as physical injury inflicted on the body of one convicted of a crime, and including the death penalty, flogging, sentence to a term of years, etc. The California Education Code, 1990 Compact Edition, Section 49001 defines it as the willful infliction, or willfully causing the infliction of physical pain on a pupil. Proponents of corporal punishment typically define the practice in personal terms, i.e., what they experienced when they were children, and what they now do to their children. Query any spanker on what it means to corporally punish a child and you will hear autobiography. When one attempts to distinguishing corporal punishment from child abuse, the confusion deepens. Lawmakers, as a rule, duck this conundrum. When it is forced on them, they act as though they are walking on eggs as they grope for language doesnt cramp the style of child punishers. Thats why legal definitions of child abuse are models of vagueness- an heroic accomplishment for those trained in the art of exactitude- and a boon to lawyers who defend abusers. School corporal punishment in schools United States typically involves requiring the student to bend forward as far as possible thus making the protruding posterior a convenient target for the punisher. That target is then struck one or more times with a flat board called a paddle. This causes sharp upward jolts to the spinal column accompanied by bruising, soreness and discoloration of the buttocks. Since the locus of impact is close to the anus and genitals, the sexual component of the act is unarguable. Nevertheless, possible adverse effects on the developing sexuality of young victims are ignored. Furthermore, the possibility that certain punishers are using the act as a pretext for gratifying their own perverse sexual appetites is also ignored. When these risk factors are cited, corporal punishment apologists typically dismiss the suggestion with derisive laughter and retorts such as, Oh, comon, please! Gime a break! Forced exercise is one of several unacknowledged forms of corporal punishment. Though the practice is unequivocally condemned by physical education experts, it is widely used, even in states that ban corporal punishment. It is a staple of locked facilities where troubled youth are corralled ostensibly for the purpose of being reformed. Not allowing children to void bodily waste when the need arises is another form of corporal punishment. It is physically and psychologically dangerous in the extreme, but its use against schoolchildren of all ages is ubiquitous. Punitive restriction of movement also qualifies as corporal punishment. When done to incarcerated adults, it is deemed a violation of human rights. When done to schoolchildren, its called discipline. In school environments where buttocks beating is key to student management and discipline, all the myriad lesser insults to which children are prey such as ear twisting, cheek squeezing, finger jabbing, arm grabbing, slamming against the wall and general manhandling are apt to pass unchronicled and unrecognized for what they really are. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

CASE - 2 RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND RETENTION Essay

CASE - 2 RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND RETENTION - Essay Example This paper is going to examine in depth merits or demerits of promoting individuals from within over hiring from outside the firm The manufacturing manager should have excellent motivational skills employees of Nifty plastic plant are motivated by their plant manager because they see themselves in the manager, the manager has climbed up through the ranks and knows all their hardships and of course their dreams. The incoming manager should therefore be highly motivational in words and in action he should be able to encourage the employees and push them towards achievement of the company’s goals. This is also very important since he will be part of the management team. Excellent technical skill; Employees will only respect and obey a manager if they know he can do what they can, the outgoing manager had risen through the ranks he knew all the plant processes and for that he got the respect of his employees and even other players in the industry. It’s therefore important that the incoming manager have technical skill on running of the manufacturing department Excellent man management skill; the manufacturing manager should be able to relate to the employees under his department, he should be able to understand their work the difficulties they face and even sometimes their social environment. This can only be possible if the manager has excellent people skills Ability to asses performance.is a vital quality of a manufacturing manager, a manufacturing manager should be able to asses both the production and the financial performance of the company. This is further useful when the manger is to be part of the management team Expertise and vast knowledge in the plastic industry; the manager should have expertise in the industry the company operates in .He should be able to understand trends and all processes involved particularly the plastic injection processes The first step in creating an applicant pool is defining the position,